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Year 2011 : Recognizing the evolution of the "Green Chemistry" IV

The General Assembly of the United Nations proclaimed 2011 as International Year of Chemistry in an effort to raise public awareness about the contributions of this science to human welfare.

Coincidentally this year also marks the centenary of the Nobel Prize awarded to Marie Curie for their contributions to chemistry and the founding of the International Association of Chemical Societies. The celebration emphasizes the contribution of creative science chemistry as essential to improving the sustainability our lifestyles and to address global environmental problems and basic needs of humanity, such as water, food, health, energy, transportation, among others.

As recalled, six years ago, it launched the Decade of Education for a sustainable future and was also the International Year of Physics (IDA), coinciding with the centenary of the "Annus Mirabilis "in which Albert Einstein published several papers that have profoundly influenced modern physics. The fundamental objective of the IDA was" bringing science to society and motivate young people to build the next generation of scientists. " However, neither in its announcement of its development or made any reference to the decade or global socio-environmental problems or the necessity and possibility of the contribution of physics to solve them.

However, this year we appreciate the disparity between the International Year of Physics (2005) and the Chemistry (2011) and how in these 6 years, reflects a remarkable evolution in thinking of the scientific community when it refers to the focus on the situation of planetary emergency. This evolution is reflected in all proposals for green chemistry as a contribution to development sustainable, Green Economy, Ban Ki-Moon, Secretary General of the United Nations has described as "the great green jobs machine" that is necessary and possible to promote and thereby bring out the necessary development of Engineering Environmental Chemistry.

The director general of UNESCO, Koïchiro Matsuura, praised the decision of the General Assembly of the United Nations regarding the proclamation of the year 2011 and noted that "there is no doubt that chemistry will play an important role in the development of alternative energy sources and feeding a growing world population. " For this reason, be held global activities during the year 2011 to highlight the importance of chemistry in the sustenance of natural resources.

UNESCO and IUPAC institutions have been appointed to carry out the promotion of the celebration activities. Under the slogan "Chemistry: our life, our future" , the objectives of this commemoration are to increase public appreciation of chemistry as a key tool to meet the needs of society, to promote interest in chemistry among young people and generate enthusiasm for the creative future of chemistry, creative future must be founded on criteria of sustainability.

The website of the Decade of Education for a sustainable future has incorporated its newsletter 61, entitled "2011 International Year of the Green Chemistry ...." The report shows that fatalistic expressions as "no good" or "can not do anything" are unfounded and that, on the contrary, a minimal perspective reveals the validity of informed activism and the need to pursue efforts for a sustainable future.

By: Elizabeth prayed N .

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environmental regulations: Environmental Regulation

The only resource that has not been packed or is for sale is the air that we breathe air but which rarely has anything of concern.

According to the Standards Regulation National Ambient Air Quality approved with Supreme Decree N º 074-2001-PCM:

a) The protection of air quality is obligation of all

b) The improvement measures air quality based on cost - benefit analysis.

c) Information and education to the public regarding the practices that improve or deteriorate the air quality will be consistent, reliable and timely.

Although much of the air pollution comes from industries, we as individuals will also cause the state of the air when we burn tires or fires due to some of our customs (and friction burns, San Juan, New Year, etc).

We are subject to comply with the above standard and the industries subject to compliance with the permissible limits LMP that are the amounts that should have their emissions in their fireplaces to not harm the air commonly referred to as the Environmental Quality Standard ECA. There

MPLs for air time for different activities either mining, metallurgy, transportation, etc, to regulate their emissions and comply with the FFS.

Air Pollutants

Standard		Name Date
Supreme Decree 011-2009-MINAM	Maximum Permissible Limits (MPL) for emissions of Industry and Oil Fish Flour and Flour Hydrobiological Waste	May 15, 2009
Supreme Decree No. 003-2008-MINAM	Environmental Quality Standards for Air	August 21, 2008
Supreme Decree 010-2005-PCM	Environmental Quality Standards for Non-Ionizing Radiation	February 2, 2005 Decree
Supremo N º 085-2003-PCM	Standards Regulation National Environmental Quality Noise	October 24, 2003
Supreme Decree N º 069-2003-PCM	Establish annual value of lead concentration	July 14 2003
Supreme Decree 038-2003	PEL Telecommunications Non-Ionizing Radiation	July 3, 2003
Supreme Decree 009-2003-SA	Approves Regulations states National Alert	June 24, 2003
Supreme Decree 003-2002-PRODUCE	permissible limits and Reference Values \u200b\u200bfor industrial activities cement, beer, tanning and paper.	October 3, 2002
Supreme Decree 044-2001-MTC	permissible limits of emissions for motor vehicles traversing the road network	October 30, 2001
Supreme Decree N º 074-2001-PCM	Standards Regulation National Ambient Air Quality	June 22, 2001
Supreme Decree 258-75-SA	permissible limits for chemical agents in the work environment	September 22, 1975
Board Decree No.	015-2007-CONAM/CD Contingency Plan states of alert for air pollution in the airshed of La Oroya	July 18, 2007
1404/2005/DIGESA/SA	Directorial Resolution Approves Air Monitoring Protocol	7 September 2005
Ministerial Resolution No.	315-EM/VMM Maximum Level permissible elements and compounds present in gaseous emissions from metal mining units	July 16 1996

By: Dante J. Garcia

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air resource III: Water and water resources

Water is a renewable natural resource essential to life, vulnerable and strategic approach to sustainable development, the maintenance of natural systems and cycles that underpin it and the security of the nation, according to article 1, the Water Resources Act, Act No. 29338. The Article 2 does not say that water is the Nation's heritage, his mastery of it is inalienable and indefeasible. It is a good public use and management can only be granted and exercised in harmony with the common good, environmental protection and the interests of the nation. Finally, this article tells us that there is no private ownership of water.

Water Resources Act, Act No. 29338, Article 35 ° recognizes the following types of water use:

1. Primary use.
2. Using population.
3. Productive use

whereas the priority for the grant and exercise of the uses described above follow that order.

The primary use, says the Act, is direct and effective use of it, in the natural sources and public water channels, in order to satisfy elementary human needs. Involves the use of water for food preparation, direct consumption and personal hygiene; and their use in cultural ceremonies, religious rituals.

The primary use of water does not require administrative approval and is exercised by the single provision of the Act is harmless to the environment and others, not for profit and freely exercised by persons under his own responsibility, restricted only a manual means and conditioned not to affect the water sources in the quantity and quality, without compromising the water-related goods.

The State guarantees free access to natural sources and public artificial channel, without disturbing them and preventing pollution, to directly meet the primary needs of the population. The National Water Authority, ANA, fixed, if necessary, places or open access areas.

use catchment population is the water source or public network, properly treated, in order to meet basic human needs: food preparation and personal hygiene habits. Exerted by water-use rights granted by the National Water Authority.
The State guarantees all persons the right of access to potable water in sufficient quantity and in safety and quality to meet personal and domestic needs.

Article 80 of the Law on Water Resources Law No. 29338 states that any dumping of wastewater in a natural source water required for approval of dumping, for which purpose must submit the necessary liquid waste pre-treatment, whether the conditions of the receiver allow the natural processes of purification.

Water is the main cause for concern at present due to the effect that triggering the phenomenon of climate change, noting the scarcity of this resource in the coming years. Because this is that it is necessary to generate a new water culture that focuses on best practices regarding the use of this resource is to use population or for different activities. But talking about the new culture of water means paying attention to the education sector current.

is why Article 88 of the Law on Water Resources Law No. 29338 provides that the National Water Authority promotes the inclusion in the regular curriculum subjects Education Sector to Culture and assessment of water resources, its efficient use and preservation and increase.

Below is a table of rules relating to water and water resources including both maximum allowable standards (LMP) and Environmental Quality Standards (ECA).

Approved Protocols 008-97-EM/DGAA

Standard	Name	Date
Law No. 29,338	Water Act	March 23, 2009
Law No. 28,608	Amendment Act Emergency Declaration Environmental Mantaro River Basin	October 3, 2005
Law No. 28,082	Law declared environmental emergency Mantaro River Basin	October 2, 2003
Law No. 26,338	General Law of Sanitation Services	July 24, 1994
Legislative Decree No. 1081	National Water Resources System	June 28, 2008
Legislative Decree No. 1083	Legislative Decree promotes the efficient use and conservation of water resources	September 25 2008
Supreme Decree 010-2010-MINAM	PEL liquid effluent discharges metal mining activities	August 20, 2010
Supreme Decree No. 001-2010-AG	Regulation of the Law on Water Resources	March 24, 2010
Supreme Decree No. 003-2010-MINAM	Maximum Permissible Limits (MPL) for effluent treatment plants Domestic Wastewater and Municipal	March 16, 2010
Supreme Decree 023-2009-MINAM	Implementing Provisions of National Environmental Quality Standards (ECA) Water	December 18, 2009
Decree Supreme N ° 021-2008-AG	Regulation of the National Water Resources	September 25, 2008
Supreme Decree No. 002-2008-MINAM	National Standards Environmental Quality (ECA) Water	July 30, 2008
Supreme Decree 037-2008-PCM	Maximum Permissible Limits (MPL) for Liquid Effluent Oil Subsector	May 13, 2008
Supreme Decree N ° 010 -2008-PRODUCE	Maximum Permissible Limits (MPL) of effluent for industry fish meal and oil and Supplementary Rules	April 28, 2008
Supreme Decree No. 003-2002 -PRODUCE	permissible limits and Reference Values \u200b\u200bfor industrial activities cement, beer, tanning and paper.	October 3, 2002
Supreme Decree No. 09-95-PRES	Regulation of the General Law of Sanitation Services	August 25, 1995
Resolution Departmental No. 0351-2009-ANA	Modify granting permission for the dumping of sewage	June 26, 2009
Resolution Departmental No. 0291-2009, ANA	dictate provisions relating to the granting of permission of discharge and reuse of treated wastewater	June 1, 2009
Resolution Jefatural N º 202-2010-ANA	Approve classification surface water and marine - coastal	March 22, 2010
Resolution N º 014-2003-PRODUCE-DINAMA	Approved Orientation Guide Plan Update Environmental Management	October 30, 2003
Ministerial Resolution N º 026-2000-DM-ITINCI	Effluent Monitoring and Atmospheric Emissions	February 23, 2000
Directorial Resolution No.	maximum permissible levels for liquid effluents products the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity	March 13, 1997
Ministerial Resolution No. 011-06-EM-VMM	maximum permissible levels for liquid effluents metal mining	January 10, 1996
Standard OS	080 Minimum requirements for the pumping stations of wastewater	June 8, 2010

By: Dante J. Garcia

Can You Chain Shiny Pokemon In Heartgold?

Environmental Regulation II: International Agreements on Environmental

Many contemporary societies worldwide among government officials, technicians, scientists, businesses, communities and organized people we have met the demand of the exercise of the defense of natural resources and environment to procure a sustainable environment, as we all committed keep our interests in the increasingly-limited natural resources. In Under this requirement, were made at the global level a series of international treaties and agreements that regulate and / or control certain aspects of environmental issues for multinational cooperation to join forces in pursuit of the recovery and preservation of our environment balanced development.

Peru has not been immune to this demand and in this context has signed and ratified several international conventions on environmental issues in order to add this collective effort to solve common problems overall level of commitment from local, regional and national . These treaties can be classified by their content or subject areas as follows:

- Air pollution and air quality
- Biodiversity
- Chemicals and solid wastes
-
Climate Change - Energy
- Environmental Governance
- Forests
- Freshwater
- Oceans and seas
- Soil, land and desertification.

then share a narrative summary of the major international environmental conventions signed and ratified by Peru, and through which our country must implement action plans and strategic and program to honor our commitments and contribute to overall improvement of the world in which we live.

Convention Approved

Name	Ratification / Accession	Entry into force for Peru
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat Ramsar ) approved RAMSAR - IRAN, 02/02/1971	Approved Legislative Resolution No. 25353 of November 23, 1991 - Instrument of Ratification dated 12/12/1991	March 30, 1992
Convention International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES), adopted in Washington USA 03/03/1973	Approved by the Revolutionary Government by Decree Law No. 21080 of January 21, 1975 - Instrument of Ratification deposited dated 18/06/1945 06/27/1975	September 25 1975
Convention for the Conservation and Management of vicuña, approved in Lima on December 20, 1979 Approved	Decree Law 22,984 of April 15, 1980 - Instrument of ratification 05/12 / 80 posted 13/05/1980 - tentatively on 20 December 1879	Definitely March 19, 1982
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, adopted in Vienna, Austria, March 22, 1985 Approved	Legislative Resolution No. 24931 of November 7, 1988 - Instrument of Ratification Deposited 29/12/1988 07/04/1989	July 6, 1989
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete Ozone Layer and its London Amendment, adopted in Montreal, Canada, 16 September 1987.	Adopted Legislative Resolution No. 26178 of March 26, 1993 - Instrument of Accession Deposited 30/03/1993 03/31/1993	June 29, 1993
Basel Convention on Transboundary Movement hazardous toxic waste, adopted in Basel, Switzerland on March 22, 1989. Approved	Legislative Resolution No. 26234 of October 19, 1993 - Instrument of Accession Deposited dated 28/10/1993 11/23/1993	February 21, 1994
Convention Biological Diversity, adopted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on June 5, 1992. Approved	Legislative Resolution No. 26181 of May 11, 1993 - Instrument of Ratification Deposited 24/05/1993 06/07/1993	05 September 1993
Framework Convention United Nations Climate Change adopted in New York, USA, on May 9, 1992. Approved	Legislative Resolution No. 26185 of May 12, 1993 - Instrument of Ratification 24/05/1993, 07/06/1993 Deposited.	March 21, 1994
the International Tropical Timber Agreement, adopted in Geneva, Switzerland on January 26, 1994	Approved Legislative Resolution No. 26515 of August 4, 1995 - Instrument of Ratification 09/03/1995, 9.21 Deposited / 95.	February 1, 1996
International Convention to Combat Desertification, adopted in Paris, France, on June 17, 1994. Approved	Legislative Resolution No. 26536 of October 2, 1995 - Instrument of Ratification 10/26/1995, 11/09/1995 Deposited.	December 26, 1996
Convention for the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention), signed in Bonn on June 23, 1979	approved Supreme Decree No. 002 / 97 - RE dated January 24, 1997 - Instrument of Accession 02/20/1997	June 1, 1997
Convention and Establishment of the International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR ), signed in Beijing, China on 06 November 1997.Aun not ratified the Convention for the application of the Procedure for Certain Chemicals and Pesticides Pesticides in International Trade, adopted in Rotterdam, Netherlands, 10 September 1998	Approved Legislative Resolution No. 28417 of December 10, 2004, ratified by Supreme Decree N º 058-2005-RE, on August 10, 2005, was deposited instruments of ratification on 09/14/2005.	entered into force internationally on February 24, 2004 and entry into force for Peru on December 13, 2005.
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, adopted in Stockholm, Sweden, May 23, 2001	Supreme Decree 067-2005-RE, of 10 August 2005 ; instrument of ratification was deposited on 09.14.2005	Entered into force worldwide on May 17, 2004 and entered force for Peru on December 13, 2005.
Kyoto Protocol to the Convention United Nations Framework on Climate Change was adopted on December 11, 1997 at the Third Conference of Parties to the Convention (Kyoto, Japan from 1 to 11 December 1997), and opened for signature on March 16, 1998. Approved	Legislative Resolution No. 27824, dated September 09, 2002. Deposit of instrument of ratification on 12 September 2002.	February 16, 2005
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity, adopted in Montreal Canada on January 29, 2000. Approved	Legislative Resolution No. 28170, dated February 13, 2004 and ratified by Supreme Decree N º 022-2004-RE, the instrument of ratification was deposited on April 14, 2004. 13/07/2004

By: Elizabeth Ore N.

How Much Colyte Do I Need To Drink

Environmental Norms I: Laws and general rules

Undoubtedly consitituye environmental management at par with the analysis of current environmental regulations. In Peru the enactment of rules have been considering various economic activities being regulated but still not enough not for lack of rules but by lack of firepower on them.

One of the first laws in Peru on environmental issues dates back to May 1962 with Law No. 14,084 which regulates control provisions to factories or workshops which by nature of its operations pollute the atmosphere, beaches, rivers in order to avoid the harmful effects of the case. This law by then President promulagada Manuel Prado tried in the 10 items of environmental regulation of industrial activities. However, a pattern of environmental management is to struggle against the loopholes that prevent effective regulation.

then share a prinicipal summary list of general rules that should be taken into account in environmental management. In future we will be publishing classified material standards specified.

General Environmental Management Standards

Name Date

Standard
	Constitution of Peru	December 30, 1993
	State Policy No. 19 - Sustainable development and environmental management adopted in the National Framework Agreement l	July 22, 2000
Law No. 28,611	General Environmental Law	October 13, 2005
Law No. 27,867	Organic Law of Regional Governments	8 de noviembre de 2002
Ley Nº 27972	Ley Orgánica de Municipalidades	27 de mayo de 2003
Ley Nº 2783	Ley de Bases de la Descentralización	26 de julio de 2002
Ley Nº 28245	Ley Marco del Sistema Nacional de Gestión Ambiental	08 de junio de 2004
Ley Nº 28804	Ley que regula la Declaratoria Environmental Emergency	July 19, 2006
Law No. 27,293	National System of Public Investment	June 28, 2000
Law No. 26,842	Health Law	July 20, 1997
Law 27444	Law on General Administrative Procedure	March 21, 2001
Law No. 26793	Creation Law National Environmental Fund	May 20, 1997
28,804 Act	law regulating the Environmental Emergency Declaration	July 21, 2006
Legislative Decree 1013 N	Law Creation, Organization and Functions of the Ministry of Environment	May 13, 2008
Legislative Decree No. 1039	Legislative Decree amending provisions of ecret 1013 legislative	June 26 2008
Legislative Decree No. 1055	legislative decree amending Act No. 28611, General Environmental Law	June 27, 2008
Legislative Decree No. 757	framework law for the growth of private investment	November 13, 1991
Supreme Decree 012-2009-MINAM	National Policy of Environmental	May 23 , 2009
Supreme Decree 004-2009-MINAM	Approve rules of paragraph 149.1 of the General Environmental Law	March 16, 2009
Legislative Decree No. 1088	Law of the National Strategic Planning and the Center for Strategic Planning	June 28, 2008
Supreme Decree N º 102-2007-EF	Approves Regulations of the Law of the National Public Investment	19 July 2007
Supreme Decree 027-2007-PCM	Define and establish national policies mandatory for government agencies National	March 22, 2007
Supreme Decree 008-2005-PCM	Regulation of Law No. 28 245, Framework Law of the National Environmental Management	January 28, 2005
Supreme Decree No. 024-93-AG	Approves Regulations of Decree Law No. 26,154 in which is created National Fund for Natural Areas Protected by the State - FONANPE	July 16 1993 to close
Decree Law N º 26,154	create the National Fund for Natural Areas Protected by the State - FONANPE	December 30, 1992
Directorla Resolution No. 002-2009 -EF/68.01	Approves Directive National System of Public Investment	February 5, 2009

By: Dante J. García

Is It Bad When A Wart Bleeds

Wind Energy + solar energy = sustainable development

A vehicle powered by solar energy and wind- travels the world trying to show interesting initiatives on sustainable development and use of clean energy came to Lima in the middle of a long journey that began in 2010, covering 30 countries on four continents.
The car was presented by its pilot and creator, Swiss inventor Marc Muller, who said that this vehicle is 7.5 m long by 1.6 wide and can reach a speed of 80 kilometers per hour.

Muller also said the vehicle has a perfectly clean system of independent locomotion and is designed to make a 40 thousand kilometers, generates electricity from the sun during the day or through a Generators wind that give power to the engine overnight. "You can go 120 kilometers to 100 with battery and solar energy," he said.
For his part, Environment Minister Antonio Brack said that Muller is traveling the world to alert the use of clean energy and combating CO2 emissions, and to collect information from all over the world. Brack

also argued that, in future, the use of this type of energy "is most common in the planet because it will burn oil and suicidal."

The new vehicle will remain for a month in our country and in addition will pass Lima Cusco and Arequipa. Later, continue your way to go to Chile, Argentina and Uruguay.

Source: El Comercio